Are those seemingly harmless gel manicures actually harboring a hidden danger? Contact dermatitis, a troublesome skin reaction, is increasingly linked to the popular practice of gel nail polish, leaving many with itchy, red, and uncomfortable skin.

The allure of long-lasting, chip-resistant nails has driven the global popularity of gel nail polish (GNP). However, behind the glossy faade lies a growing concern: contact dermatitis. This allergic reaction, triggered by certain chemicals in nail products, is becoming a more frequent issue for both consumers and nail technicians. Contact dermatitis manifests in various ways, from mild irritation to severe reactions. Symptoms can include redness, itching, swelling, blistering, peeling, and cracking skin, often appearing on or around the nails, or in areas frequently touched by the hands.

The root of the problem often lies in the ingredients of these products. Acrylic nail products, shellac nail polishes, and other nail cosmetics can contain allergens that, when they come into contact with the skin, trigger an immune response. Methacrylate, a chemical commonly found in gel polishes, is a primary culprit. The incomplete curing of gel polish, often done using UV light, can exacerbate the issue. If the gel isn't fully hardened, uncured chemicals can seep into the nails and potentially enter the bloodstream, increasing the risk of contact dermatitis. This risk is further heightened during the removal process, particularly during the soaking off of gel polish, where the skin is re-exposed to these potentially irritating chemicals.

The consequences extend beyond mere discomfort. In some cases, severe reactions can occur, including skin lesions, lip swelling, and widespread skin lesions, as reported in various studies. Nail bed damage, thinning and weakening of the natural nails, and potential nail infections are also potential side effects. Prolonged exposure to UV light during the curing process adds another layer of concern, as it may increase the risk of skin cancer.

Professional nail technicians are also vulnerable. Their constant exposure to these products increases their risk of developing contact dermatitis. The constant contact with the product when doing a manicure or pedicure is increased in the likelihood of reaction. The presence of allergens in acrylic nail products, the chemicals used in polishes, fragrances, and creams all can contribute. As such, it is crucial for nail technicians to take protective measures, such as using gloves and ensuring proper ventilation, to minimize their exposure.

The connection between gel manicures and contact dermatitis extends to the application process. When a professional applies gel polish, they should minimize the contact of the brushes with the client's skin. Accidental skin contact is inevitable, but the constant contact of the brush with the skin, especially around the cuticle area, elevates the risk. Improper curing is a significant factor. If the gel is not fully cured by the UV or LED light, it will be exposed to the skin for a longer amount of time than usual.

The symptoms of gel nail polish allergy can vary widely depending on individual sensitivity. Reactions can appear immediately or develop over time with repeated exposure. As a result, understanding the risks associated with gel nails, choosing reputable products, and taking preventative measures are crucial to safeguarding skin health.

Several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, have been used to identify potential complications. The information helps in recognizing risk factors and preventive measures to guide consumers and professionals alike.

Understanding the risks associated with gel nails, choosing reputable products, and taking preventive measures are crucial to safeguarding skin health. It is essential to pay attention to the symptoms your body displays, which could be a sign of an allergic reaction. If you experience symptoms of contact dermatitis, consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Here is a table on the symptoms, risk factors, and prevention steps:

Symptom	Possible Cause/Risk Factor	Prevention/Mitigation
Redness	Allergic reaction to chemicals in the polish	Choose hypoallergenic products
Itching	Exposure to uncured gel	Ensure full curing with proper UV/LED light
Swelling	Irritation or allergic response	Avoid prolonged skin contact with products
Blisters	Severe allergic reaction	Consult a dermatologist immediately
Peeling and Cracking Skin	Contact with allergens	Use protective gloves during application and removal
Itchy Red Bumps	Skin inflammation	Ensure proper product application to avoid any contact on the skin
Skin Lesions	Extreme allergic response	Avoid prolonged exposure to gel nail products
Lip Swelling	Severe allergic reaction	Discontinue use if you experience any allergic reaction
Nail Bed Damage	Improper application and removal, prolonged use	Get professional services and follow the recommended guidelines to avoid any issues
Nail Discoloration	Prolonged Use	Limit or avoid prolonged use of the product, to ensure no such issues